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Air-Freight-Glossary (1)-min

Air Freight Glossary – International Airfreight terms

A

ACL: Allowable Cabin Load. The maximum payload (cargo capacity) of an airplane through a certain route and under certain specific operation conditions. Act of God: also Force majeure. A situation where goods are damaged by forces beyond human control, e.g., natural disasters like floods and earthquakes. Advance Arrangement: The contact between shipper and carrier prior to shipping process to determine appropriate handling and available aircraft. AEV: Articles of Extraordinary Value. Commodities that are identified as goods of high value Agent: An individual or organization approved to act in place of another person or organization. Airfreight: transporting goods by air using passenger or cargo aircraft. Airport to Airport: Airfreight service for moving goods from the airport of origin to the destination airport without pickup and delivery services. ATA: Actual Time of Arrival, Airport-To-Airport. ATD: Actual Time of Departure. AWB: Air Waybill. A non-negotiable document issued by a carrier after receiving a shipment showing important information about the shipment and delivery instructions.

B

Bill of Lading: a negotiable document issued by an air freight carrier showing the cargo receipt for shipping. It is often abbreviated as BOL, BoL, BL, or B/L. Bonded Warehouse: Premises for storing or manufacturing goods while deferring payment of duty until the goods are released, or customs duties are paid. Break Bulk (B/B): The process of disassembling or unpacking a consolidated shipment for delivery to customers or reshipping. Bulk Cargo: Loose air cargo not loaded in aircraft containers or pallets. Bulk Cargo Carts: Mobile vehicles that transfer bulk cargo from the aircraft to handling terminals or other airports.

C

Cargo: also Goods. Any property moved from one place to another, excluding mail and passenger luggage. Cargo Aircraft: also Freighter, or All-cargo Aircraft. A specialized airplane for carrying cargo in its main and lower decks. Cargo Agent: An agent assigned by an airline and paid in commission to solicit and process international airfreight for shipments. Cargo Loader: Mobile equipment for loading and unloading ULDs on aircraft. Carnet: A document allowing the holder to transport goods into a foreign country for exhibition or demonstration purposes without paying the required import duties Carriage: Movement of goods by air. Carrier: An individual or business that transports goods for other individuals and/or businesses. A carrier is liable for goods lost or damaged during transportation. Cartage Agent: Ground operator that provides pickup and delivery services in locations not served directly by air carriers Chargeable Weight: A weight of a shipment used to determine the corresponding air freight charges. Charges Collect: also Freight Collect, or Charges Forward. Charges for pickup and delivery transport collect from the consignee. Charter Service: A temporary hiring of an aircraft to transport passengers and cargo. COD: Collect On Delivery. The transportation service whereby the purchase price of goods is paid to the carrier upon delivery by the receiver of the goods. COMAT: Company-Owned Material. The property of the airline that is carried as cargo on its airplane. Combo Aircraft: also Combi Aircraft. An airplane designed to hold passengers and cargo in its main deck. Commercial Invoice: A document describing a shipment and its corresponding value Commodity: Description of a shipment of goods. Compartment: A space in an airplane for holding cargo. Conditions of Carriage: The terms and conditions of a carrier concerning Carriage. Conditions of Contract: The terms and conditions indicated on the AWB or the shipper’s consent regarding the use of shipment records. Consignee: The recipient of the transported goods as stated on the AWB or shipment record Consignment: Delivery of goods from an exporter (or Consignor) to an agent (or consignee). The agent sells the goods for a commission, and the exporter retains ownership until the sale of the goods. Consignor: The party contracting with the carrier to transport goods, usually the shipper. Consolidation: Assembling separate goods into one shipment under one AWB from place to place. Container Rate: The rate of transporting an entire container or ULD at a fixed price irrespective of its content(s) weight. Contoured ULD: A ULD designed or modified to fit the hold of an airplane to make use of all the available space. Convertible Aircraft: An aircraft which can be repurposed from all-passenger to all-cargo, or with various arrangements of passenger and cargo spaces Courier: An attendant accompanying cargo shipments (s), such as a groom or vet for rare horses or other live animals. Customs: The government authority/service responsible for enforcing customs laws and collecting import and export duties imposed by a country. Customs Broker: An individual or company licensed by the government of a country to perform Customs business transactions on behalf of other individuals or companies. These include entry and valuation of goods and payment of Customs duties. Customs Clearance: Release of cargo by Customs subject to the presentation of required documents and payment of imposed duties. Customs Invoice: A document for verifying and describing a shipment of goods and showing relevant information about the goods. CWT: Hundredweight (100 pounds). The standard unit for determining cargo rates, other than rates for specified containers.

D

Damage: Partial or complete harm to shipment or part of a shipment. Dangerous Goods: Goods classified by the UN and IATA as potentially harmful to air transport health, safety, and property. DDP: Delivery Duty Paid. A delivery agreement in which the seller is liable for all potential risks and costs until the buyer receives the cargo at the destination. DDU: Delivery Duty Unpaid. A delivery agreement in which the buyer bears all the costs for importing the goods. Declared Value for Carriage: The value of goods declared by the shipper for determining charges or liable costs in the event of loss or damage of goods Declared Value for Customs: The selling price of contents of a shipment or cost of replacement in the case of non-resale goods Deferred Air Freight: Goods transported at lower service level and lower charge than in standard air freight Deferred Rate: A lower rate than standard shipping rate, often in less than standard level if air freight service Demurrage: Holding container(s) of a carrier beyond an allotted time period for loading and unloading of shipment units, usually accompanied by accruing charges Destination: The final point of delivered goods, usually into the hands of a customer or end user DGR: Dangerous Goods Regulations. Guidelines for packaging, transporting and dealing with dangerous goods. Dimension: The measured specifications of a shipment to calculate charges. Door to Door (or Dock to Dock): A shipping arrangement that ensures goods move from sender to customer. Drawback: Whole or partial refund of customs duties imposed on imported goods that are later exported Duty: Import tax levied on goods by Customs based on weight, quantity, value, or the combination of these factors.

E

EDI: Electronic Data Interchange. A computerized system for communicating relevant shipment information. EDIFACT: Electronic Data Interchange For Administration, Commerce, and Transport. ETA: Estimated Time of Arrival. ETD: Estimated Time of Departure. Exception Ratings: Higher than normal rates set for commodities that require special handling Export License: also Export Permit. A document permitting the exportation of certain goods to designated countries. Express: Small parcels usually shipped overnight.

F

Foreign Trade Zone: also Free Trade Zone. A port of entry for non-prohibited goods without the payment of customs duty. Free Domicile: A situation whereby the shipper pays all the transportation charges and any imposed duties and/or taxes. Freight: Goods, items, or commodities transported by air. Also, the amount paid for this form of transport. Freight Carriage…paid to…: Payment for the delivery of goods to a named destination. Freight Carriage…and Insurance paid to…: Payment for the delivery of goods to a named destination, with added insurance premium in the case of loss of or damage to goods. Freighter: see Cargo Aircraft. Freight Forwarder: also Forwarder, Forwarding Agent. An individual or company appointed by a shipper to process and arrange the transport and delivery of shipment. FTL: Full Truck Load. Shipment designed to fill standard freight containers.

G

Gateway: Major airport or point of customs clearance General Cargo: All goods in the aircraft except special cargo GO: General Order. Any goods not received within a specified time of the carrier’s entry that is stored at the risk and expense of the importer. Gross Weight: The entire shipment weight, this include weights of the container and packaging material.

H

Handling: The process of preparing and transporting air cargo. Harmonized System: A system of classifying goods in international trade HAWB: House Air Waybill. A document presented by a freight forwarder to a carrier after receiving a  shipment. High Capacity Aircraft: also Wide-bodied Aircraft. An aircraft suitable for heavy-duty air freight.

I

IATA: International Air Transport Association. IATA Cargo Agent: An IATA-approved forwarder/broker capable of performing operations related to air freight. IATA Designator: Two-character IATA identification of any airline used in air waybills, reservations, tickets, tariffs, and timetables. ICAO: International Civil Aviation Organization. Import License: also Import Permit. A document required and issued by some countries for conducting customs clearance and approving imported goods. Import Restrictions: Control measures on the importation of goods, including imposing tariffs and duties and prohibiting selected categories of goods. In Bond: Movement of cargo without customs clearance at the airport to an inland Customs point for clearance. Incoterms: Codes maintained by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) as regards incurred costs in foreign trade contracts Insurance Certificate: Certificate of assurance covering loss or damage of transported goods. Integrated Carrier: A carrier that performs door-to-door cargo transport with its own airplanes and trucks, usually under a single AWB Interline Carriage: also Interline. Transport of goods across different routes by multiple air carriers. Intermediate Consignee: A forwarding agent, bank, or any other intermediary that acts as an agent in a foreign country to deliver goods to an exporter, purchaser, or ultimate consignee. Intermodal: Transport of goods via multiple means, i.e., ship, airplane, overland, and railway Intermodal Capability: Ability of a shipment to be moved across various modes of transport. Intermodal Container: Shipping container designed to fit multiple modes of transport Internal Fittings: A means of securing air cargo inside a container. ISO: International Standards Organization.

J

JIT: Just In Time. The immediate movement and delivery of raw material, components, parts, and work-in-progress when needed instead of occupying costly warehouse space.

L

Lay Order: The period during which a shipment may remain unloaded beyond the period of demurrage without any action taken or implied costs. LD3: Lower Deck type 3 container. The most common type of shipping container used in passenger aircraft. Loading Gauge: also Template. A framework for checking and ensuring a pallet load fits in the cargo hold of an airplane. Loose cargo: also Loose Shipment. Air cargo loaded as separate packages and delivered in separate pieces to the destination. Lower deck: also Belly, Lower Hold, or Lower Lobe. The section below the Main Deck in an aircraft. Lower Deck Container/Pallet: A ULD designed to fit the lower deck of an airplane. LTL: Less than Truck Load. A shipment that is not enough to fill up a standard shipping container.

M

Main Deck: The area in an aircraft that holds the major portion of air cargo Main Deck Container/Pallet: A ULD that occupies the main deck. Maximum Gross Payload: The maximum weight allowed and carried on an airplane. MAWB: Master Air Waybill. A document issued by a carrier

N

NCV: No Customs Value. Goods having no declared value on the AWB for Customs purposes. Net Weight: The actual weight of a shipment, excluding its packaging. No Show Cargo: Reserved cargo space that is neither used nor canceled. NVD: No Value Declared for Carriage. Goods having no value declared to determine charges or limit of liability costs in the event of loss or damage.

O

Origin: The starting point of a shipment.

P

Pallet: A platform with specific dimensions for assembling and securing goods prior to loading on an airplane Pallet Net: Webbing or rope material for securing and restraining a pallet load. Part Shipment: A shipment and transported and delivered in multiple parts. Passenger Aircraft: An airplane designed to carry passengers in the main (or upper) deck and hold cargo in the lower compartment. POD: Proof of Delivery, Port of Discharge. Pro Forma Invoice: An invoice sent prior to the supply of goods.

R

Rate: The amount charged per unit volume of goods. Rerouting: Transporting goods through an alternate route different from the one specified on the AWB. Reservation: also Booking. Restricted Articles: Special cargo form of dangerous goods. RFS: Road Feeder Service. Overland transportation arranged by a carrier to/from a gateway to another airport. Routing: The air freight route as originally stated in the AWB or shipment record.

S

Shipment: Good(s) handed over to a carrier by a shipper and moved on one AWB or shipment record to a designated address. Shipper: also Consignor. The party who originates the shipment of goods, usually by purchase for exportation. Shipping Mark: The letters, numbers, or other symbols posted on the outside of cargo for identification purposes. Shipping Weight: The gross weight of shipment (in kilograms). Short-shipped: Cargo stated in the airplane manifest but not loaded into the aircraft. Special Cargo: Shipment requiring special handling procedures. STA/STD: Scheduled Time of Arrival/Departure. Surcharge: Additional or extra charges.

T

TACT: The Air Cargo Tariff. Rules, regulations, and rates published for international air shipments. Tare Weight: The weight of a ULD and tie-down materials excluding the weight of the enclosed goods. Tariff: The applicable rates, charges, and regulations of an air carrier for the movement of goods. Terminals: The opposite ends of a carrier line, usually airports. Tracing/Tracking: A system of following a shipment from origin to destination Transfer Cargo: Air cargo transported to a point by one carrier and to another point by another carrier. Transit: An intermediary stopping point en route where cargo stays onboard. Transshipment: Moving air freight through an intermediate country before arriving at the country of final destination.

U

ULD: Unit Load Device. Any type of container, a container with integral pallet, aircraft container, or aircraft pallet to transport goods on an aircraft. Ultimate Consignee: The recipient, such as an individual or business, of transported goods for the proposed end-use or consumption

V

VAL: Valuable Cargo. Specified high-value shipments that require advance arrangement and special handling procedures Value for Customs Purposes Only: Value of shipment determined by the manufacturer or stated by the importer, but not according to Customs evaluation.

W

Weight Charge: Charges calculated based on the amount of weight carried by aircraft. Without Reserve: The ability of a shipper’s agent or representative to decide on behalf of the represented party.

X

XPS: Priority Small Package.

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3PL: Third-Party Logistics provider

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